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The United Armed Forces of Novorossiya ((ロシア語:Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии); acronym NAF) is the umbrella name for the militias and armed volunteer groups affiliated with the defunct political union called Novorossiya (New Russia). It consists of the Donbass People's Militia,〔(Жители Славянска поддержали «Народное ополчение Донбасса» ) // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 апреля 2014〕〔"''"Народное ополчение Донбасса" строит баррикады''" (Протесты в Славянске Донецкой области ) // "ИТАР-ТАСС" от 13 апреля 2014〕 the Luhansk People's Militia and autonomous armed groups. It is regarded as a terrorist group by the Ukrainian government. The Donbass People's Militia was formed by Pavel Gubarev, who was elected "People's Governor" of Donetsk Oblast by pro-Russian protesters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=In northeast Ukraine, pro-Maidan occupiers are routed by counter-demonstrators )〕 It was originally involved in taking control of Ukrainian government buildings in the Donetsk oblast. Tensions increased to the point of the militia being actively involved in fighting a war against the Ukrainian government in the Donbass region of Ukraine. The militia was accused by the Ukrainian government of culpability in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 on 17 July 2014. The militias of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic, merged into one group on 16 September 2014, forming the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".〔 It is widely believed that the separatists are supported by Russian armed forces. Although the Russian government often denies direct involvement stating that their soldiers were there voluntarily and not under orders, some of them were detained riding their combat vehicles with documents proving their origin in Russian armed forces. Moreover, separatists admitted receiving supplies from Russia and being trained there. BBC reported that separatist ranks are composed of thousands of Russian citizens, and NATO accused Russia of deploying their regular troops into Ukraine.〔 Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation have been reported to be supporting separatists in the conflict as well. Head of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko, claimed in August 2014 that there are around 3,000 to 4,000 Russian volunteers fighting for the militia, which includes current and many retired Russian Army servicemen.〔(Around 3-4 thousand Russian volunteers fighting for Donetsk People’s Republic militia ). Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.〕 == History == On April 6, 2014, 2,000 pro-Russian protesters rallied outside the regional administration building in Donetsk. On the same day, groups of protesters in Eastern Ukraine stormed the regional administration buildings in Donetsk, Kharkiv, and the SBU headquarters in Luhansk.〔 The groups created a people's council and demanded a referendum like in Crimea.〔 Within a few days, several government buildings in cities such as Kramatorsk and Sloviansk were also stormed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pro-Russian activists seize Interior Ministry branch in southeast Ukraine )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine crisis: Another police building seized in east )〕 On April 12, the supporters of the Donetsk People's Republic and members of Donbass People's Militia set up checkpoints and barricades in Sloviansk.〔(На одном из блокпостов около Славянска слышна стрельба и взрывы ) // "Первый канал" от 13 апреля 2014〕 The same day, former members of the Donetsk "Berkut" unit joined the ranks of the Donbass People's Militia.〔(«Это наши люди» ) // «Взгляд.RU» от 12 апреля 2014〕 On April 13, the newly established Ukrainian government gave the separatists a deadline to disarm or face a "full-scale anti-terrorist campaign" in the region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine gives rebels deadline to disarm or face military operation )〕 Later that day, the first reports of fighting was reported between the people's militia and Ukrainian troops near Sloviansk, with casualties on both sides.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine crisis: Casualties in Sloviansk gun battles )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine Army Launches 'Anti-Terror' Operation )〕 On April 14, members of the Donbass People's Militia blocked Ukrainian military KrAZ truck's armed with Grad missiles from entering the city.〔(Народное ополчение Донбасса задержало грузовики со снарядами для "Града" на въезде в Славянск ) // "Интерфакс" от 14 апреля 2014〕〔"''Представители "Народного ополчения Донбасса" задержали грузовик со снарядами к реактивной системе залпового огня (РСЗО) "Град" на одном из блок-постов возле города Славянск Донецкой области. Об этом сообщили 13 апреля местные СМИ. Источники в силовых структурах признали факт задержания "грузовика с вооружением", отметив, что задержанный автомобиль КрАЗ принадлежит Национальной гвардии Украины''" (СМИ: манифестанты задержали возле Славянска грузовик со снарядами к РСЗО "Град" ) // ИТАР-ТАСС от 14 апреля 2014〕 On April 15, a full scale "counter-terrorism" operation was launched by the Ukrainian government with aim of restoring their authority over the area's seized by the militia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine launches counter-terrorism operation in Donetsk region )〕 On April 16, the militia entered Sloviansk with six BMD airborne amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicles〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=На сторону ополченцев в Славянске перешло уже около 60 военных )〕〔"''власти Украины признали, что шесть боевых машин десанта (БМД) у армии отобрали ополченцы''" (Колонна украинской бронетехники под Краматорском прорвала "блокаду" местных жителей, угрожая гранатой ) // NEWSRU.COM от 16 апреля 2014〕 they obtained from parts of the 25th Airborne Brigade〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=За здачу зброї десантниками у Краматорську відкрито провадження )〕 who had switched allegiance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Six Ukrainian Army Vehicles Join Pro-Federalist Protesters in Kramatorsk )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=In Ukraine, a crisis of bullets and economics )〕 The "occupants" were disarmed after the vehicles were blockaded by locals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine crisis: Military column 'seized' in Kramatorsk )〕 The militia also received one self-propelled 120 mm mortar 2S9 "Nona-S"〔"''самоходная артиллерийская установка «Нона»... была добровольна отдана сопротивлению десантниками 25-й аэромобильной бригады из Днепропетровска в середине апреля''" (Как устроена десантная машина «Нона» - символ сопротивления Донецкой республики ) // "Московский комсомолец" от 13 мая 2014〕〔(Самооборона Славянска обстреляла Нацгвардию из самоходной установки «Нона» ) // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 мая 2014〕 On April 20, an unidentified armed group in civilian clothes attacked a Militia checkpoint at the entrance to the city of Sloviansk. Three attackers and three members of Militia were killed.〔(Атака на блокпост в Славянске: шестеро погибших ) // DELFI.LV от 20 апреля 2014〕 On May 14, eight members of Militia seized an IMR armored vehicle from Novokramatorsky Mashinostroitelny Zavod.〔(Вооруженные люди вывезли с Новокраматорского завода списанную инженерную машину разграждения ) // "Интерфакс - Украина" от 14 мая 2014〕 On May 15, the Donbass People's Militia sent an ultimatum to Kiev. They ordered the withdraw all Ukrainian troops from Donetsk oblast.〔(Ополченцы Донбасса поставили Киеву ультиматум ) // LENTA.RU от 15 мая 2014〕 On May 17, several members of the militia seized two BRDM unarmed armored vehicles from Severodonetsk and Lysychansk (Luhansk Oblast)〔(На Луганщине боевики похитили две БРДМ из пожарно-спасательных частей ) // УНИАН от 18 мая 2014〕 On May 22, the Federal State of Novorossiya was declared. On May 23, several members of people's militia seized another BRDM-RKh unarmed armored vehicle from Loskutovka (Luhansk Oblast)〔(Ополченцы захватили машину разведки на Луганщине ) // "iPress.UA" от 23 мая 2014〕 The militia were widely suspected to be involved in the downing of a civilian airliner, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, on 17 July 2014.〔CSMonitor.com - (Web evidence points to rebels in downing of MH17 )〕 On August 8, the militia claimed that after battles near border with Russia, they captured 67 pieces of equipment with varying status (serviceable equipment without ammunition and fuel, with faults, damaged in battle and completely unusable), including 18 multiple rocket launching systems "Grad", 15 tanks and armored personnel carriers, howitzers, MANPADS, etc.〔(ДНР заявляет о захвате около 70 единиц военной техники силовиков|DPR claimed capturing about 70 pieces of military equipment )// RIA Novosti, 8 August 2014〕 As of August 12, the militia has at least 200 armored vehicles.〔(Для контрнаступления под Донецком ополченцы подготовили 200 бронемашин| For a counter-offensive near Donetsk militia prepared 200 armored vehicles )// Vesti.ru, 12 August 2014〕 The months of July and early August were disastrous for the militias with many analysts saying they were on the verge of defeat before a sudden counteroffensive, which the Ukrainian Government claims was supported by Russian troops, encircled thousands of Ukrainian troops and forced them into a retreat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=After Re-Establishing Supply Lines, Ukrainian Separatists Launch Counteroffensive )〕 The militias soon re-captured several strategic positions such as Savur-Mohyla and Luhansk International Airport. The armies of both the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic merged on 16 September 2014 to form the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".〔 On 2 February 2015, Head of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko, announced that there would be a general mobilization in the DPR of 10,000 volunteers, and he aimed to eventually expand the NAF to 100,000 soldiers. On 20 May 2015 the leadership of the Federal State of Novorossiya announced the termination of the confederation 'project'〔 〕 but the United Armed Forces will be retained as the joint armed service of the two constituent states. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Armed Forces of Novorossiya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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